On Such a Full Sea by Chang-rae Lee (Hardcover): Booksamillion.com: Books: "
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On Such a Full Sea
by Chang-rae Lee
Overview -
This limited, numbered edition of Chang-rae Lee's "On Such a Full Sea" has a specially designed cover and a first-of-its-kind 3D printed slip case made on a MakerBot(R) Replicator(R) 2 Desktop 3D Printer, made with MakerBot PLA filament, a bioplastic made of corn, fabricated by MakerBot in Brooklyn, New York. Read more...
Hardcover
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Strategic Water ReSources (SWR) is a registered Connecticut Corporation founded in 2013 specializing in the design, procurement and implementation of water processing devices and systems. SWR was created by a focused team of scientist, engineers and entrepreneurs that possess decades of unique experience and skill sets especially suited for the highly competitive water purification market. One of our primary ancillary goals is to bring economic development and green technology to Southeastern Connecticut. This will be accomplished by hiring local veterans and industry experts within our community. The primordial challenge facing our entire industry is the anticipated global demand for clean water. Presently this is an underserved market. Our main focus is to provide ecologically sound water purification strategies and technologies that are cost-effective and environmentally sustainable. We are committed to bring economic development and green technology to the global community.
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biological and inorganic elements, we can specify, support and provide other system elements, such as:
Our alternative energy expertise allows us to design, specify and build solar/wind energy systems to provide clean power in remote areas, or supplement existing grid power.
These customized solutions can be provided world-wide with on-site installation assistance where needed, as well as training, and regular maintenance. Where the client has multiple installations, we can train the client's staff to handle installation and maintenance.
Our management team welcomes the opportunity to discuss these possibilities in greater detail. Please contact us if you have any questions.
The tiny thermal water lily (Nymphaea thermarum) is the smallest water lily in the world, with a flower barely the size of a human fingernail. Native to a single hot spring in Rwanda, the plant went extinct in the wild a few years ago after the spring was drained for local agricultural use. As I wrote back in 2010, the water lily was saved from extinction by botanist Eberhard Fischer, who discovered the species back in 1985 but never figured out how to propagate it in captivity. That changed in 2009 when Kew horticulturist Carlos Magdalena figured out that the lily thrived not in water, like all other water lilies, but in damp mud at very specific temperatures and atmospheric conditions.
Since then Kew has managed to grow about 50 of the plants, and has transferred a handful to other facilities. Nevertheless it remains critically endangered. Kew considers the stolen lily to be "priceless" and vital to the conservation of the species. Police are currently investigating the crime of the lifted lily.
Guy Barter, chief adviser to the Royal Horticultural Society (which runs Kew Gardens), told the Telegraph that theft from a public garden is unfortunately common as well as dangerous to the plants. In this case he blamed something more sinister than the general public: "plants stolen to order and sold for profit" for collectors who will "sink to any depth to have something they really want."
Look, I get the collector's mentality. I'm the kind of guy who has spent hundreds of hours in dingy used bookstores or comic book shops to track down that one last early Joe R. Lansdale paperback or obscure Matt Howarth comic that I must have for my collection. But stealing rare plants and animals from captivity and the wild or checking off the list of species that you have hunted and killed, that's a drive I don't understand. This is why smuggled, endangered tortoises sell for tens of thousands of dollars, why rare orchids are black-market treasures and why a permit to hunt an endangered black rhino can sell for $350,000. And for what? For a head to hang on your wall, a tortoise to wander the grounds of your estate or a plant you'll have to struggle to keep alive under incredibly precise conditions?
It might not be easy to find whomever stole this water lily. Kew, unfortunately, didn't have a security camera pointed at right spot. The tiny plant was no doubt easy to hide as the thief slipped out of the garden. Even with police investigating, it may be gone forever. Unfortunately, with precious few plants and seeds available to keep the population of this species growing, the footprint of this one plant's loss may be felt for a long time to come.
Photo: Nymphaea thermarum, courtesy of Kew Gardens
News: US publisher Riverhead has collaborated with 3D-printing firm MakerBot to create the first printed book sleeve.
A desktop MakerBot Replicator 2 was used to print the slipcase for Korean-American writer Chang-rae Lee's futuristic novel On Such a Full Sea, released on 7 January.
"We think the 3D-printed slipcase for On Such a Full Sea is a work of art, and one we are very proud to have helped create," said MakerBot CEO Bre Pettis.
The case was designed by Riverhead art director Helen Yentus and members of MakerBot's in-house design team.
The title lettering is extruded and stretched across the white printed sleeve, as a continuation of the flat writing on the yellow hardback tucked underneath.
"What I like about this project is that it re-introduces the idea of the book as an art object," said Lee. "Content is what's most important, but this [3D edition] is a book with a physical presence too."
The technology was used as an experimental proposal for the future of books covers, which the designer says are becoming less significant as digital books are more widely read.
"We've talked a lot about what's going to happen to books and cover designers if covers aren't necessarily going to be the focus anymore," said Yentis in a film about the book. "We're looking for new ways to present our books."
Only 200 copies have been produced with the printed covers, each signed by the author. These limited editions are on sale for $150 (£91) and the book is also available with an alternative hardback cover, as well as an electronic version.
When Dezeen spoke to Pettis in 2012, he told us that cheap 3D printers mean manufacturing can again take place at home - read the full interview here.
More information from the publishers follows:
3D-printed slipcase for hardcover of Lee's latest novel On Such a Full Sea
In an unprecedented and innovative format, award-winning and Pulitzer Prize–nominated author Chang-rae Lee debuts his new novel, On Such a Full Sea, with a first-of-its-kind 3D printed slipcase, printed on a MakerBot Replicator 2 Desktop 3D Printer.
This highly anticipated new novel, set in a dystopian future America, comes as a signed limited edition hardcover with a custom 3D printed slipcase, designed by Helen Yentus and MakerBot. Only 200 of the 3D printed slipcases will be sold.
"What I like about this project is that it re-introduces the idea of the book as an art object," said Lee. "Content is what's most important, but this [3D edition] is a book with a physical presence, too. Of course I hope what's inside is kinetic, but the physical thing isn't normally meant to be. This edition feels as if it's kinetic, that it has some real movement to it. It's quite elegant as well."
In talking about the 3D printed slipcase that was made on a MakerBot, Lee noted, "It's all about changing the familiar. That's ultimately what all art is about. That's what we all do as writers."
Though it won't be released until January, On Such a Full Sea has been lauded and highlighted in all of its early reviews: "An astonishing feat of encapsulated genius from the inimitable Lee... Brilliant... A heart-thumping adventure," said Library Journal. Booklist said On Such a Full Sea is "Always entrancing and delving…. Takes a truly radical leap in this wrenching yet poetic, philosophical, even mystical speculative odyssey…. Electrifying." And Kirkus described the novel as "a harrowing and fully imagined version of dystopian America... Welcome and surprising proof that there's plenty of life in end-of-the-world storytelling."
Chang-rae Lee is a deeply influential writer who tells stories about race, class and immigrant life in America. He has built a dazzling reputation as "a spellbinder" (Hartford Courant), "a master craftsman" (Washington Post), and "an original: (Los Angeles Times), and has been honoured with top prizes, including a PEN/Hemingway Award, Dayton Literary Peace Prize, and Asian American Literary Award; been a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize; nominated for the Neustadt International Prize for Literature; and selected for the New Yorker's "20 Writers for the 21st Century" list.
"We are honoured to work with Chang-rae Lee and Riverhead Books," noted Bre Pettis, CEO of MakerBot. "We think the 3D printed slipcase for On Such a Full Sea is a work of art, and one we are very proud to have helped create."
On Such a Full Sea is a bold and thrilling departure from Lee's previous novels. In On Such a Full Sea, Lee has turned his acute eye toward the future of America. The story takes place in a chilling dystopia, a century or so beyond the present, where abandoned post-industrial cities like Baltimore have been converted into forced labor colonies and populated with immigrant workers. China is a distant, mythical memory. Environmental catastrophes have laid waste to much of the world, a cancer-like disease has infected the entire population, and stratification by class and race is more pronounced and horrific than ever. The fate of the world may lay in the hands of one tiny, nervy girl named Fan, an enigmatic and beautiful fish-tank diver who jolts the labor colony by running away.
Epic in scope, masterful in execution, and page-turning right to the shocking end, On Such a Full Sea fires on many levels: it is simultaneously a heart-stopping survival adventure across the wasteland of a wrecked continent; a deeply moving story of a girl's first love; and a searing, frightening commentary on where America may be headed if we don't strive to do better. The Boston Globe writes that Lee "asks the crucial and abiding question: How do we live a kind and decent life in this woeful world?" On Such a Full Sea imagines a future in which that question is more urgent than ever, and challenges us to ask what we need to change today.
Chang-rae Lee is the author of Native Speaker, winner of the Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award for first fiction; A Gesture Life; Aloft; and The Surrendered, winner of the Dayton Peace Prize and a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize. Selected by The New Yorker as one of the "20 Writers for the 21st Century," Lee is professor in the Lewis Center for the Arts at Princeton University and a Shinhan Distinguished Visiting Professor at Yonsei University.
London architecture firm Studio Octopi has designed a concept for swimming pools that would enable Londoners to enjoy views of the city centre while bathing in the tidal waters of the River Thames.
Studio Octopi developed the proposal in response to plans from the city's water supplier Thames Water to upgrade London's 150-year-old sewage system, which would result in a huge improvement in water purity.
"A lot of people screw their noses up at the thought of swimming in the Thames but it already occurs within very controlled conditions, such as at Hampton Court and the Docklands," Studio Octopi director Chris Romer-Lee told Dezeen.
Thames Water plans to construct a new tunnel, dubbed the Super Sewer, which will remove 96 percent of the sewage currently entering the river and is scheduled for completion in 2023, if planning permission is granted.
Studio Octopi proposes building pools at two of the Super Sewer construction sites; Shadwell in the east of the city and Blackfriars Bridge in central London.
"Imagine the views from the waterline, downstream to the London Eye, upstream to the City," said Romer-Lee of the Blackfriars location. "Whether it's for sport or leisure, bringing these alternative uses to the heart of cities unites diverse communities, encourages physical activity and invigorates the flora and fauna of our much overlooked river."
Romer-Lee pointed out that the concept doesn't rely on the Super Sewer, but does require the UK government to take steps to improve the current sewage system and water quality in The Thames, which currently falls below European standards.
The architects worked with structural engineering specialist Civic Engineers to develop the design, which includes a pair of pools supported by a concrete slab and raised to the height of the high water mark on a series of steel columns. The pools would be replenished with fresh river water at high tides.
A further pool made from concrete waffle slabs anchored to fixed posts would float on the surface of the river, rising and falling with the tide while protecting swimmers from the tidal currents.
Concrete decks with cast-in air pockets would surround the pools, providing places for swimmers to rest and counterbalancing heavy gabion cages filled with rocks and plants.
Jonathan Cook Landscape Architects contributed ideas for planting to enhance the natural look of the pools, including reeds to fringe the floating pool and perennials and ferns along the wharf edge. Over time, algae, ferns and saline plants would cover the supporting structure as it gradually weathers, while native plants would colonise the planted areas.
Studio Octopi's design was one of five proposals created by teams chosen to submit ideas for a project called London As It Could Be Now, developed by The Architecture Foundation with architecture firm Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners.
The concepts for new ways to make the most of the River Thames were presented last autumn as part of the exhibition Richard Rogers RA: Inside Out, at London's Royal Academy.
Images are by Picture Plane.
The architects sent us the following details:
London-based architects Studio Octopi propose reintroducing swimming in the tidal River Thames
As a result of the collaborative London As It Could Be Now project, developed by The Architecture Foundation with Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners and the Royal Academy of Arts, Studio Octopi were selected as one of five teams to work up new visions for the Thames. The teams were encouraged to explore ideas that increased interaction with the waterway and raised awareness of this important artery running through the Capital. Thames Baths Project is collaboration between architects Studio Octopi, Civic Engineers and Jonathan Cook Landscape Architects.
In 1865, Sir Joseph Bazalgette's London sewage system was opened. 150 years later the sewers are at the limits of their capacity. In 2012, 57 combined sewer overflows discharged 39 million tonnes of sewage into the River Thames.
Thames Water is planning the Thames Tideway Tunnel, or 'Super Sewer', for completion in 2023. This tunnel will remove 96% of the sewage currently entering the river. Instead of a weekly discharge into the river, the Super Sewer will overflow a maximum of 4 times a year.
When Sir Joseph Baselgette's sewer system was finally completed in 1875 swimming in the River became a common occurence. In the same year a floating swimming baths opened on the foreshore at Charing Cross. Heated river water was pumped around an iron and glass structure. Then in 1878 Agnes Beckwith 'the greatest lady swimmer in the world' safely swam 20 miles from Richmond to Westminster and back again. The improvements in water quality open the possibility for once again swimming in the tidal Thames. The Thames Baths Project looks to re-establish an intimate and playful link between Londoners and the historic lifeblood of the city, the River Thames. Here is an opportunity for Londoner's to reclaim ownership of their largest outdoor public space.
Studio Octopi's proposals are focused on two of the Super Sewer construction sites: Blackfriars Bridge Foreshore and King Edward Memorial Park Foreshore. These sites were chosen for their contrasting London contexts. As well as creating a community resource and tourist attraction, its proposed that these floating and fixed aquatic landscapes should also continue to improve the ecology of the River Thames. Growing from planted rock cages (gabions) an array of native planting forms enclosure and frames views to the surrounding city. The fixed pools, lifted high on timber and steel piles, are replenished at high tide like coastal rockpools. The floating pools rise and fall with the tide offering a unique experience with the river. The sunken structure protects the swimmers from currents, whilst the planting offers tantalising views to the city beyond.
Intertidal Flora by Jonathan Cook Landscape Architects
Imagine swimming in the tidal river, surrounded by reeds that frame tantalising views of the city around you. The pools are not just for swimmers, but provide refuge and habitat for fish, birds and a wide range of flora.
Here in the heart of London is the upstream limit of saline plants on the Thames, and a series of layered habitats. From the algal slime at the base of the structure to the gabion-protected surface planting, the stages mimic salt marshes to freshwater wetlands.
As the supporting timbers weather they will be colonised by algae, ferns and saline plants such as sea beet and sea aster. The extensive planting of reeds around the pools will frame viewpoints edged with low sedums, and surface beds of yellow flag iris. The flooded pool will feature salt marsh species such as rushes and water plantains, while the wharf edge planting will be a relaxed mix of colourful perennials (red valerian) and ferns. All planted areas will soon be accompanied by naturally colonising plants, some native, others typical of London's introduced alien flora.
Structural Principles by Civic Engineers
The fixed structure consists of a randomly ordered grillage of small sectioned steel channels founded in the river bed and extending to a height just below the high water mark. Embedded within the frame will be non-structural timber members to encourage the colonisation by flora. The fixed pools are split across two levels and sit on a concrete slab suspended on the steel frame.
The second adjoining floating structure is free to rise and fall with the tide. This is restrained with a series of substantial fixed posts which allow the open concrete waffle slab to rise and fall. Surrounding the pools, a concrete deck with cast-in air pockets counterbalances the weight of the planted rock gabion cages. The concrete deck can be precast off site and floated up the river into position.
Understanding the changing Sun and its effects on the solar system, life, and society is a main goal of NASA's Heliophysics research program. Many NASA missions focus on the Sun and its interactions with Earth. Current missions include STEREO, SDO, SOHO, ACE, SORCE, and the Van Allen Probes.
The changing Sun produces sunspots and solar storms over an 11-year cycle of activity, which is driven by the reversal of its magnetic poles over this time period. Solar storms (coronal mass ejections and flares) occur most often and more powerfully during its period of solar maximum. The current solar maximum is expected to peak in 2012 or 2013.
One beautiful sign of the space weather at the Earth is the aurora. When the CMEs from the sun interact with the Earth's own protective magnetic shield, its magnetosphere, the magnetosphere becomes disturbed. This ultimately causes charged particles to flow down along magnetic field lines into the polar regions where they hit the atmosphere and create the bright aurora. If viewed from high above Earth, these regions appear as ovals. Images taken by astronauts in the space shuttles show the depth of aurora. Other impacts from space weather include short-circuiting power grids that cause blackouts, disrupting communications, damaging satellites, and endangering astronauts with radiation.
Aurora appear from Earth as shimmering, dancing lights in the night sky. Only 100 years ago did scientists discover that the Sun was ultimately the cause of these mysterious lights. Although green is the most common color, red and yellow hues are also observed. The most powerful displays occur when large clouds of particles from CMEs slam into our magnetosphere, but the constant outpouring of solar particles (called the solar wind) can cause them as well.
 Overview animation of solar storm and its impact on Earth |  Extreme close-up of a sunspot in action, Swedish Solar Telescope large (QT, 3.9M), small (QT, 403k) |  A particle blast close-up, EIT 304. large (QT, 2.2M), small (QT, 717k) | ||
 Flares and solar activity from late 2003 storms, EIT 195. large (QT, 10.4M), small (QT, 2.6M) |  Close-up of a CME blasting off, EIT 195. large (QT, 1.9M), small (QT, 246k) |  A busy week of solar activity, LASCO C2 large (QT, 7.2M), small (QT, 2.7M) | ||
 Weeks of solar activity from late 2003 storms, LASCO C3 large (QT, 7.7M), small (QT, 3.8M) |  A light-bulb shaped CME, LASCO C3. large (QT, 1.6M), small (QT, 640k) |  Solar streaming and CMEs from the Solarmax IMAX film. large (QT, 4.7M), small (QT, 821k) | ||
 Cascades of loops following a flare from TRACE. large (QT, 3.6M), small (QT, 530k) |  Cascades of loops following a flare from TRACE. large (QT, 2.6M), small (QT, 359k) |  Auroral oval observed from space by IMAGE. large (QT, 2.0M), small (QT, 148k) | ||
 Auroral ovals over the North Pole region from Polar. large (QT, 4.1M), small (QT, 1.7M) |  Aurora in UV over both polar regions from Polar. (QT, 2.4M) |  NASA animation of Earth's magnetosphere shaped by solar wind (QT, 3.4M) | ||
 Clip of aurora from the Solarmax IMAX film. large (QT, 1.2M), small (QT, 448k) |
The January 13, 2014 M 6.4 earthquake north of Puerto Rico occurred as a result of oblique-thrust faulting. Preliminary faulting mechanisms for the event indicate it ruptured either a structure dipping shallowly to the south and striking approximately east-west, or a near-vertical structure striking northwest-southeast. At the location of this earthquake, the North America plate moves west-southwest with respect to the Caribbean plate at a velocity of approximately 20 mm/yr, and subducts beneath the Caribbean plate at the Puerto Rico Trench. The location, depth and mechanism of the earthquake are consistent with the event occurring on this subduction zone interface.
While the Puerto Rico Trench is known to be a significant seismic hazard, and is capable of hosting M8+ earthquakes, moderate-to-large events on the subduction zone are rare. Over the past century, three such events have occurred nearby to the January 13, 2014 earthquake – a M 6.6 event in 1915, just to the east of the 2014 event; a M 7.0 earthquake 70 km to the west in 1917; and a M 7.6 earthquake in 1943 just northwest of the 2014 earthquake. Two earthquakes occurred in the Mona Passage approximately 100 km to the southwest of the 2014 earthquake in 1916 (M 7.0) and 1918 (M 7.3), while the 1946 M 7.9-8.0 Hispaniola earthquake struck 230 km to the west, also on the North America slab interface. The July 1943 North Mona Passage earthquake did not cause significant damage in Puerto Rico, though it did spawn a small tsunami, and was the first in a series of large events in the broader northern Caribbean region between central Hispaniola and Puerto Rico over the following decade, including the larger 1946 earthquake. The 1946 event is known to have caused significant damage in both Hispaniola and Puerto Rico, including destruction from a subsequent tsunami.
Extensive diversity and complexity of tectonic regimes characterizes the perimeter of the Caribbean plate, involving no fewer than four major plates (North America, South America, Nazca, and Cocos). Inclined zones of deep earthquakes (Wadati-Benioff zones), ocean trenches, and arcs of volcanoes clearly indicate subduction of oceanic lithosphere along the Central American and Atlantic Ocean margins of the Caribbean plate, while crustal seismicity in Guatemala, northern Venezuela, and the Cayman Ridge and Cayman Trench indicate transform fault and pull-apart basin tectonics.
Along the northern margin of the Caribbean plate, the North America plate moves westwards with respect to the Caribbean plate at a velocity of approximately 20 mm/yr. Motion is accommodated along several major transform faults that extend eastward from Isla de Roatan to Haiti, including the Swan Island Fault and the Oriente Fault. These faults represent the southern and northern boundaries of the Cayman Trench. Further east, from the Dominican Republic to the Island of Barbuda, relative motion between the North America plate and the Caribbean plate becomes increasingly complex and is partially accommodated by nearly arc-parallel subduction of the North America plate beneath the Caribbean plate. This results in the formation of the deep Puerto Rico Trench and a zone of intermediate focus earthquakes (70-300 km depth) within the subducted slab. Although the Puerto Rico subduction zone is thought to be capable of generating a megathrust earthquake, there have been no such events in the past century. The last probable interplate (thrust fault) event here occurred on May 2, 1787 and was widely felt throughout the island with documented destruction across the entire northern coast, including Arecibo and San Juan. Since 1900, the two largest earthquakes to occur in this region were the August 4, 1946 M8.0 Samana earthquake in northeastern Hispaniola and the July 29, 1943 M7.6 Mona Passage earthquake, both of which were shallow thrust fault earthquakes. A significant portion of the motion between the North America plate and the Caribbean plate in this region is accommodated by a series of left-lateral strike-slip faults that bisect the island of Hispaniola, notably the Septentrional Fault in the north and the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden Fault in the south. Activity adjacent to the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden Fault system is best documented by the devastating January 12, 2010 M7.0 Haiti strike-slip earthquake, its associated aftershocks and a comparable earthquake in 1770.
Moving east and south, the plate boundary curves around Puerto Rico and the northern Lesser Antilles where the plate motion vector of the Caribbean plate relative to the North and South America plates is less oblique, resulting in active island-arc tectonics. Here, the North and South America plates subduct towards the west beneath the Caribbean plate along the Lesser Antilles Trench at rates of approximately 20 mm/yr. As a result of this subduction, there exists both intermediate focus earthquakes within the subducted plates and a chain of active volcanoes along the island arc. Although the Lesser Antilles is considered one of the most seismically active regions in the Caribbean, few of these events have been greater than M7.0 over the past century. The island of Guadeloupe was the site of one of the largest megathrust earthquakes to occur in this region on February 8, 1843, with a suggested magnitude greater than 8.0. The largest recent intermediate-depth earthquake to occur along the Lesser Antilles arc was the November 29, 2007 M7.4 Martinique earthquake northwest of Fort-De-France.
The southern Caribbean plate boundary with the South America plate strikes east-west across Trinidad and western Venezuela at a relative rate of approximately 20 mm/yr. This boundary is characterized by major transform faults, including the Central Range Fault and the Boconó-San Sebastian-El Pilar Faults, and shallow seismicity. Since 1900, the largest earthquakes to occur in this region were the October 29, 1900 M7.7 Caracas earthquake, and the July 29, 1967 M6.5 earthquake near this same region. Further to the west, a broad zone of compressive deformation trends southwestward across western Venezuela and central Columbia. The plate boundary is not well defined across northwestern South America, but deformation transitions from being dominated by Caribbean/South America convergence in the east to Nazca/South America convergence in the west. The transition zone between subduction on the eastern and western margins of the Caribbean plate is characterized by diffuse seismicity involving low- to intermediate-magnitude (M<6.0) earthquakes of shallow to intermediate depth.
The plate boundary offshore of Colombia is also characterized by convergence, where the Nazca plate subducts beneath South America towards the east at a rate of approximately 65 mm/yr. The January 31, 1906 M8.5 earthquake occurred on the shallowly dipping megathrust interface of this plate boundary segment. Along the western coast of Central America, the Cocos plate subducts towards the east beneath the Caribbean plate at the Middle America Trench. Convergence rates vary between 72-81 mm/yr, decreasing towards the north. This subduction results in relatively high rates of seismicity and a chain of numerous active volcanoes; intermediate-focus earthquakes occur within the subducted Cocos plate to depths of nearly 300 km. Since 1900, there have been many moderately sized intermediate-depth earthquakes in this region, including the September 7, 1915 M7.4 El Salvador and the October 5, 1950 M7.8 Costa Rica events.
The boundary between the Cocos and Nazca plates is characterized by a series of north-south trending transform faults and east-west trending spreading centers. The largest and most seismically active of these transform boundaries is the Panama Fracture Zone. The Panama Fracture Zone terminates in the south at the Galapagos rift zone and in the north at the Middle America trench, where it forms part of the Cocos-Nazca-Caribbean triple junction. Earthquakes along the Panama Fracture Zone are generally shallow, low- to intermediate in magnitude (M<7.2) and are characteristically right-lateral strike-slip faulting earthquakes. Since 1900, the largest earthquake to occur along the Panama Fracture Zone was the July 26, 1962 M7.2 earthquake.
References for the Panama Fracture Zone:
Molnar, P., and Sykes, L. R., 1969, Tectonics of the Caribbean and Middle America Regions from Focal Mechanisms and Seismicity: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 80, p. 1639-1684.
In the spring of 1987 the TOR 5 (5kW) run-of-river unit was constructed and tested at the entrance to Porters Lake in Nova Scotia. This unit was mounted on a retractable drum on a standard 18 foot fiberglass boat hull which provided floatation, a self-mooring capability, space for auxiliary equipment and maintenance personnel, trailering capability, and self-launching and propulsion to the selected site.
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