Tuesday, February 17, 2015

6 Toxic Relationship Habits

6 Toxic Relationship Habits

6 Toxic Relationship Habits Most People Think Are Healthy

couple on laptopsFlickr/CGP Grey

There's no class in high school on how to not be a s----- boyfriend or girlfriend.

Sure, they teach us the biology of sex, the legality of marriage, and maybe we read a few obscure love stories from the 19th century on how not to be.

But when it comes down to actually handling the nitty-gritty of relationships, we're given no pointers … or worse, we're given advice columns in women's magazines.

Yes, it's trial-and-error from the get-go. And if you're like most people, it's been mostly error.

But part of the problem is that many unhealthy relationship habits are baked into our culture.

We worship romantic love — you know, that dizzying and irrational romantic love that somehow finds breaking china plates on the wall in a fit of tears somewhat endearing — and scoff at practicality or unconventional sexualities.

Men and women are raised to objectify each other and to objectify their relationships. Thus, our partners are often seen as assets rather than someone to share mutual emotional support.

A lot of the self-help literature out there isn't helpful either (no, men and women are not from different planets, you over-generalizing prick). And for most of us, mom and dad surely weren't the best examples either.

Fortunately, there's been a lot of psychological research into healthy and happy relationships the past few decades and there are some general principles that keep popping up consistently that most people are unaware of or don't follow. In fact, some of these principles actually go against what is traditionally considered "romantic" or normal in a relationship.

Below are six of the most common tendencies in relationships that many couples think are healthy and normal, but are actually toxic and destroying everything you hold dear. Get the tissues ready.

scoreboardFlickr / Michael Pick

1. The relationship scorecard

What It Is: The "keeping score" phenomenon is when someone you're dating continues to blame you for past mistakes you made in the relationship. If both people in the relationship do this it devolves into what I call "the relationship scorecard," where it becomes a battle to see who has screwed up the most over the months or years, and therefore who owes the other one more.

You were an asshole at Cynthia's 28th birthday party back in 2010 and it has proceeded to ruin your life ever since. Why? Because there's not a week that goes by that you're not reminded of it. But that's OK, because that time you caught her sending flirtatious text messages to her co-worker immediately removes her right to get jealous, so it's kind of even, right?

Wrong.

Why It's Toxic: The relationship scorecard develops over time because one or both people in a relationship use past wrongdoings in order to try and justify current righteousness. This is a double-whammy of suckage. Not only are you deflecting the current issue itself, but you're ginning up guilt and bitterness from the past to manipulate your partner into feeling wrong in the present.

If this goes on long enough, both partners eventually spend most of their energy trying to prove that they're less culpable than the other, rather than solving the current problem. People spend all of their time trying to be less wrong for each other instead of being more right for each other.

What You Should Do Instead: Deal with issues individually unless they are legitimately connected. If someone habitually cheats, then that's obviously a recurring problem. But the fact that she embarrassed you in 2010 and now she got sad and ignored you today in 2013 have nothing to do with each other, so don't bring it up.

You must recognize that by choosing to be with your significant other, you are choosing to be with all of their prior actions and behaviors. If you don't accept those, then ultimately, you are not accepting them. If something bothered you that much a year ago, you should have dealt with it a year ago.

2. Dropping "hints" and other passive aggression

What It Is: Instead of stating a desire or thought overtly, your partner tries to nudge you in the right direction of figuring it out yourself. Instead of saying what's actually upsetting you, you find small and petty ways to piss your partner off so you'll then feel justified in complaining to them.

Why It's Toxic: Because it shows that you two are not comfortable communicating openly and clearly with one another. A person has no reason to be passive-aggressive if they feel safe expressing any anger or insecurity within the relationship. A person will never feel a need to drop "hints" if they feel like they won't be judged or criticized for it.

What You Should Do Instead: State your feelings and desires openly. And make it clear that the other person is not necessarily responsible or obligated to them but that you'd love to have their support. If they love you, they'll almost always be able to give it.

3. Holding the relationship hostage

What It Is: When one person has a simple criticism or complaint and blackmails the other person by threatening the commitment of the relationship as a whole. For instance, if someone feels like you've been cold to them, instead of saying, "I feel like you're being cold sometimes," they will say, "I can't date someone who is cold to me all of the time."

Why It's Toxic: It's emotional blackmail and it creates tons of unnecessary drama. Every minor hiccup in the flow of the relationship results in a perceived commitment crisis. It's crucial for both people in a relationship to know that negative thoughts and feelings can be communicated safely to one another without it threatening the relationship itself. Otherwise people will suppress their true thoughts and feelings which leads to an environment of distrust and manipulation.

What You Should Do Instead: It's fine to get upset at your partner or to not like something about them. That's called being a normal human being. But understand that committing to a person and always liking a person are not the same thing. One can be committed to someone and not like everything about them. One can be eternally devoted to someone yet actually be annoyed or angered by their partner at times.

On the contrary, two partners who are capable of communicating feedback and criticism towards one another, only without judgment or blackmail, will strengthen their commitment to one another in the long-run.

couple arguingFlickr/George Lindley

4. Blaming your partner for your own emotions

What It Is: Let's say you're having a crappy day and your partner isn't exactly being super sympathetic or supportive at the moment. They've been on the phone all day with some people from work. They got distracted when you hugged them. You want to lay around at home together and just watch a movie tonight, but they have plans to go out and see their friends.

So you lash out at them for being so insensitive and callous toward you. You've been having a s----- day and they have done nothing about it. Sure, you never asked, but they should just know to make you feel better. They should have gotten off the phone and ditched their plans based on your lousy emotional state.

Why It's Toxic: Blaming our partners for our emotions is a subtle form of selfishness, and a classic example of the poor maintenance of personal boundaries. When you set a precedent that your partner is responsible for how you feel at all times (and vice-versa), you will develop codependent tendencies.

Suddenly, they're not allowed to plan activities without checking with you first. All activities at home — even the mundane ones like reading books or watching TV — must be negotiated and compromised. When someone begins to get upset, all personal desires go out the window because it is now your responsibility to make one another feel better.

The biggest problem of developing these codependent tendencies is that they breed resentment. Sure, if my girlfriend gets mad at me once because she's had a s----- day and is frustrated and needs attention, that's understandable.

But if it becomes an expectation that my life revolves around her emotional well-being at all times, then I'm soon going to become very bitter and even manipulative towards her feelings and desires.

What You Should Do Instead: Take responsibility for your own emotions and expect your partner to be responsible for theirs. There's a subtle yet important difference between being supportive of your partner and being obligated to your partner.

Any sacrifices should be made as an autonomous choice and not seen as an expectation. As soon as both people in a relationship become culpable for each other's moods and downswings, it gives them both incentives to hide their true feelings and manipulate one another.

5. Displays of "loving" jealousy

What It Is: Getting pissed off when your partner talks, touches, calls, texts, hangs out, or sneezes in the general vicinity of another person and then you proceed to take that anger out on your partner and attempt to control their behavior.

This often leads to insano behaviors such as hacking into your partner's email account, looking through their text messages while they're in the shower or even following them around town and showing up unannounced when they're not expecting you.

Why It's Toxic: It surprises me that some people describe this as some sort of display of affection. They figure that if their partner wasn't jealous, then that would somehow mean that they weren't loved by them.

This is absolutely clown---- crazy to me. It's controlling and manipulative. It creates unnecessary drama and fighting. It transmits a message of a lack of trust in the other person. And to be honest, it's demeaning. If my girlfriend cannot trust me to be around other attractive women by myself, then it implies that she believes that I'm either a) a liar, or b) incapable of controlling my impulses. In either case, that's a woman I do not want to be dating.

What You Should Do Instead: Trust your partner. It's a radical idea, I know. Some jealousy is natural. But excessive jealousy and controlling behaviors towards your partner are signs of your own feelings of unworthiness and you should learn to deal with them and not force them onto those close to you. Because otherwise you are only going to eventually push that person away.

tiffany shopping bagReuters

6. Buying the solutions to relationship problems

What It Is: Any time a major conflict or issue comes up in the relationship, instead of solving it, one covers it up with the excitement and good feelings that come with buying something nice or going on a trip somewhere.

My parents were experts at this one. And it got them real far: a big fat divorce and 15 years of hardly speaking to each other since. They have both since independently told me that this was the primary problem in their marriage: continuously covering up their real issues with superficial pleasures.

Why It's Toxic: Not only does it brush the real problem under the rug (where it will always re-emerge and even worse the next time), but it sets an unhealthy precedent within the relationship. This is not a gender-specific problem, but I will use the traditional gendered situation as an example.

Let's imagine that whenever a woman gets angry at her boyfriend/husband, the man "solves" the issue by buying the woman something nice, or taking her to a nice restaurant or something.

Not only does this give the woman unconscious incentive to find more reasons to be upset with the man, but it also gives the man absolutely no incentive to actually be accountable for the problems in the relationship.

So what do you end up with? A checked-out husband who feels like an ATM, and an incessantly bitter woman who feels unheard.

What You Should Do Instead: Actually, you know, deal with the problem. Trust was broken? Talk about what it will take to rebuild it. Someone feels ignored or unappreciated? Talk about ways to restore those feelings of appreciation. Communicate!

There's nothing wrong with doing nice things for a significant other after a fight to show solidarity and to reaffirm commitment. But one should never use gifts or fancy things to replace dealing with the underlying emotional issues.

Gifts and trips are called luxuries for a reason, you only get to appreciate them when everything else is already good. If you use them to cover up your problems, then you will find yourself with a much bigger problem down the line.

This article originally appeared at MarkManson.net. Copyright 2014. Follow MarkManson.net on Twitter.



~A.

11 Things You Should Never Say To a Caregiver - Aging Parents – Elder Care – Senior Homes – Caregiving

11 Things You Should Never Say To a Caregiver - Aging Parents – Elder Care – Senior Homes – Caregiving

11 Things You Should Never Say To a Caregiver

Some things simply shouldn't be said.

When they come from people who don't know what someone else is going through, even well-intentioned comments and questions can be frustrating and hurtful.

Cindy Laverty, caregiver coach, radio talk show host, and author of, "Caregiving: Eldercare Made Clear and Simple," offers examples of phrases that can leave caregivers thinking, "Did she really just say that?"

  1. "Why are you having such a hard time being a caregiver?" Usually voiced by someone who has never been a caregiver for an elderly loved one, this question can be very difficult for a caregiver to hear. As Laverty points out, it effectively takes their role of providing care for a loved one, and diminishes it.
  2. "Gosh…we haven't seen you in such a long time. Why don't you get out more?" Though it probably comes from a place of love, Laverty points out that this can be an unproductive way to express concern for a friend or family member who is a caregiver. "The truth is that most caregivers do need to get out more, but this is an insensitive way of saying it," she says.
  3. "You look really tired. Are you making sure to take care of yourself?" Caregivers generally have a good reason for looking tired and haggard—because they are. "The biggest issue for caregivers is that they tend to sacrifice personal care—it's the first thing that goes," Laverty says. Caregivers look tired because they are not getting enough sleep, they spend their nights worrying and making sure their loved one doesn't wander. But, that doesn't mean that they appreciate having that fact pointed out to them.
  4. "Caregiving seems like a burden. You shouldn't have to sacrifice your life for your mother's." Caregiving is hard. That's why so many people, both caregivers and non-caregivers alike, refer to it as a 'burden.' But, according to Laverty, when a friend or family member likens caregiving to a burden, what they're really telling the caregiver is that they aren't handling the situation properly and that this isn't what they should be doing with their life. "Caregivers get into their role because they started out as loving, caring people trying to do the right thing," she says.
  5. "You need to get a 'real' life." As the old saying goes, 'you're preaching to the choir.' "Every caregiver understands that they need to get a life, have a plan, start making time for themselves," Laverty says. But, telling a caregiver to 'get a life' is like telling them that what they're doing now (caring for a loved one) doesn't matter.
  6. "Why don't you just put you mother in a nursing home? It would be better for everyone." Laverty says that comments like this can make a caregiver feel like they're not doing a good job taking care of their loved one. The reality is, a nursing home might not be financially feasible, or a caregiver may be trying to keep their loved one at home for as long as possible. Outsiders think they're offering good advice, when they might really just (unintentionally) be making a caregiver feel guilty.
  7. "Why do you visit your dad so much? He doesn't even know you." If a caregiver is taking care of someone who has Alzheimer's or another form of dementia and lives in a nursing home, people may ask why they bother to visit someone who doesn't even remember who they are. "People need human contact and love, or they will just shrivel up and die," Laverty says, "Caregivers shouldn't feel stupid for going to visit someone who doesn't recognize them outwardly. As long as they know who their loved one is, that's all that should matter."
  8. "Don't feel guilty about…" When you're a caregiver, "guilt just comes with the territory," according to Laverty. Caregivers want to fix everything, to solve every problem, to ease every hurt, when the reality is that no one can do it all. When people tell a caregiver not to feel guilty about something, it can make things worse by bringing that guilt to the forefront of their mind.
  9. "Let's not talk about that. Let's talk about something happy and fun." When it comes to your average small talk scenario, caregivers generally don't have a lot of "fun" things to contribute. Laverty says that people need to understand that people taking care of an elderly loved one need to talk about what's going on. Friends and family members of caregivers should take the time to listen to what a caregiver has to say, no matter how 'unpleasant,' or 'unhappy' it is.
  10. "You must be so relieved that it's over." When their elderly loved one dies a caregiver is likely to be facing a bunch of mixed up emotions. Relief may be one of those feelings, but Laverty feels that it's probably not productive to point this out to a person who has just lost a parent, spouse, or sibling. "If you diminish the event, you diminish the life and effort of the caregiver," she says.
  11. "When are you going to get over it (a senior's death) and move on?" Grief is an individual process. For some people, processing the death of a loved one will take some time. This is particularly true of caregivers, who've poured a significant amount of time and energy into taking care of the person who has just passed.

Tips for responding to callous comments

Conventional conversational courtesies tend to fly out the window when intense situations (like caregiving) and strong emotions collide.

Caregivers, according to Laverty, tend to have a heightened sensitivity. "Everything seems to affect you more than when you're a normal person going to work and dealing with family, because you're so on edge and trying to do a million things in a day," she says.

It's easy for stressed-out caregiver to take a well-intentioned comment or question the wrong way and snap at whoever said it. Laverty has a few general suggestions for caregivers:

  1. Respond calmly to whatever is said.
  2. If you're hurt by someone's question or comment, you can say "I know that you really care about me, but what you just said didn't feel good, here's why…"
  3. Use hurtful comments as a way to ask for help. For example, you could say: "I'd love to figure out how to, 'get a life.' As my friend, would you be willing to sit down and brainstorm ways to help me balance being a caregiver and having a 'real' life?"

Conversely, friends and family members bear some responsibility for expressing their concern in appropriate ways. Laverty's advice: "Think before you say something stupid."

Interactions between caregivers and their family and friends have the potential to be helpful and fulfilling for both parties. When in doubt, following the Golden Rule and treating someone how you would like to be treated always works best. As Laverty says, "We get these packages that say, 'Handle with care.' Why don't we make efforts to apply that to each other?"


~A.

Gift Tax Information for Family Caregivers - AgingCare.com

Gift Tax Information for Family Caregivers - AgingCare.com

Gift Tax Q and A for Family Caregivers

Gifts can have a profound impact on the finances of both givers (donors) and receivers (donees).

Here are the answers to five common gift tax questions:

What is (and is not) a gift?

A gift is any transfer of real or personal property (e.g. money, house, car, jewelry, stock, etc.) from one person to another, made while the donor is still alive. To qualify as a gift, the property must be given by the donor without expectation of repayment by the donee.

Many people are surprised to find that the following transactions can also be considered "gifts" for tax purposes:

  • A sale of property where the money received is less than the value of the property.
  • Making an interest-free or below market interest rate loan.
  • Forgiving a debt.
  • Some kinds of property settlements in divorce proceedings.
  • Surrendering a portion of an annuity to create a "survivor annuity"—an insurance product that makes regular monetary payments to the surviving holder of a policy, once the other holder has passed.

Typically, anything that can be encompassed by the above definition can be considered a gift, with a few exceptions:

  • Donations made to charities or political organizations.
  • Items given to a spouse.
  • The payment of tuition or medical expenses for someone else, made directly to the medical institution or school.

In what circumstance does a gift tax return have to be filed, and who is responsible for paying?

As a general rule, the donor (or, if they are deceased, their estate's executor or administrator) is the one who pays the taxes on a gift. However, if the donor doesn't pay the tax, then the donee may be required to cover it.

A gift tax return must be filed by a donor if he or she gives more than $14,000 (the current annual exclusion amount) in gifts in a given year to a particular individual. When gifts greater than $14,000 are given to a particular individual in a single year, then any amount over $14,000 may be subject to taxation, and will reduce the giver's estate tax exemption—also known as the "lifetime gift tax exemption"—by however much the gift exceeded $14,000.

The current lifetime gift tax exemption is $5,340,000. Gift taxes are filed using Form 709: United States Gift (and Generation-Skipping Transfer) Tax Return.

Couples who are filing a joint income tax return must still fill out their own, individual Form 709s, if they gave gifts in excess of $14,000 to a single person during the tax year. If a gift of a jointly-held property is made, then each spouse is considered to have contributed half of the value of the property. For example, if an older couple gives their adult son their house, worth $256,000, then each spouse must file a gift tax return for a $128,000 gift.

Only individuals, not entities, are responsible for filing a gift tax return. In the event that an estate, trust, partnership or corporation makes a qualifying gift, the individual men and women who are the beneficiaries, stockholders or partners may be required to file a gift tax return.

What is the difference between present interest and future interest?

The difference between present interest gifts and future interest gifts is important to keep in mind when considering what property can and cannot be counted as part of the annual exclusion amount.

A gift of present interest is one that immediately gives the donee the ability to possess and use it; for example, a gift of $10,000 in cash. A gift of future interest is one that gives the donee the ability to possess and use it at some future date; for example, the rights to property that is currently being held as part of the donor's estate—often referred to as a "remainder." Gifts of future interest cannot be counted as part of the annual exclusion and must be reported to the IRS, regardless of the amount.

How do gifts affect Medicaid eligibility?

Even if a gift is below the annual exclusion amount of $14,000, it may still be counted against the donor, should they attempt to qualify for Medicaid.

When a person applies for Medicaid assistance to help pay for their medical and long-term care expenses, the total value of their eligible assets is taken into account. If an applicant owns too much in countable assets, then they won't be able to receive Medicaid benefits.

Many families believe that a person can just give their money and other assets to family and friends in order to "spend down" their money for Medicaid. However, due to the five-year Medicaid look-back period, any gift made by an applicant during the five years leading up to the time when they want to qualify for government assistance will delay their ability to receive financial aid.

For instance, say your mother gives you her jewelry collection—worth $20,000—for free, rather than selling it on the open market. If the exchange occurred within five years of her applying for Medicaid, then the government would still consider her to be in possession of that $20,000 asset amount, even though she no longer owns the jewelry. They will divide that $20,000 by the monthly cost of a nursing home in the area (say, $5,000) and delay her financial assistance by that amount of time; in this case, four months.

Exceptions to this rule include items that are not counted as assets by Medicaid—any cash less than $2,000, a house (worth less than $500,000 or $750,000, depending on the state), a car, money used to plan a funeral or burial (up to $1,500), the cash value of a life insurance policy owned by the applicant, and real or personal property that is essential for life support (including income-generating rental property and real estate).

If a parent pays an adult child to take care of them, is that considered a gift?

It depends. The parent could count the money they give to their adult child in exchange for caregiving services as a gift, meaning that any amount over the $14,000 threshold would be subject to the gift tax. Or, as long as the child is over 21 years old, the parent could consider their offspring an "employee," a distinction that would transform any payment made to the adult child for caregiving services into earned income. In this instance, the parent would be considered a household employer and would have to follow the requisite tax rules for "household employers," which include reporting the "employee's" wages to the Social Security Administration via a Form W2, and filing a Schedule H along with their personal income tax return.

For their part, the adult child would have to report the money received from their parents as earned income and report it on their personal income tax return. For more information on the financial consequences of being a household employer, see How Hiring an In-Home Caregiver Can Affect Taxes.



~A.

Hiring an In-Home Caregiver Affects Taxes - AgingCare.com

Hiring an In-Home Caregiver Affects Taxes - AgingCare.com

How Hiring an In-Home Caregiver Can Affect Taxes

When hiring an outside professional to care for an older adult at home, families have two main options: they can work with a home care agency or they can hire an independent home health aide.

Agencies often handle the employer's side of the tax obligations for their employee's, so hiring an aide through an agency means that older adults and their families don't have to concern themselves with additional tax considerations.

Hiring a home care aide who is not attached to an agency can have a significant impact on the family's tax bill. In these situations, the older adult and/or their family is typically regarded as the "household employer" of the independent aide. That means that the family is responsible for paying the employer's portion of their new employee's unemployment, Social Security and Medicare taxes.

Am I a "household employer?"

For tax purposes, the primary factor that determines whether a home health aide is considered your household employee or a self-employed, independent contractor (and thus is responsible for their own employment taxes), is whether you dictate how he or she performs their work. A home health aide who is your household employee will receive their instructions on how to care for the older adult from you or another member of the family.

Home health aides who aren't affiliated with an agency tend to fall into the household employee category, unless they are your spouse or child (under 21 years old); these individuals are never considered employees, even if they receive compensation for providing care.

On the other hand, an individual who is self-employed typically determines how they do their work and provides the necessary equipment to do so. Self-employed individuals such as plumbers and repairmen are typically classified as independent contractors, rather than household employees.

Can they legally work?

Once you've determined that the home health aide is categorized as a household employee, the first thing to do is ensure that he or she can legally work in the United States. Asking to see a prospective employee's Social Security card is the easiest way to determine their working status.

Prior to the new aide starting their work, the two of you must fill out a Form I-9: Employment Eligibility Verification, which requires the aide to produce documentation that proves their eligibility to work in the U.S. The form doesn't have to be formally filed with any government agency, but you, as the hiring party, should keep it for your records, since the government can ask you to present the document as proof, at any time.

You'll also need to apply for an Employer Identification Number (EIN) and keep a record of your employee's Social Security number on file.

Tax obligations of a household employer

The tax amount that you must contribute for an aide who is a household employee will vary, depending on which state you live in and how much you're paying them for their services.

It's vital that you maintain detailed accounts of all materials related to a home health aide's wages and taxes. You must keep a given year's employment tax records for at least four years after whichever is later: the due date of the return, or the date when the taxes were actually paid.

Each time you pay the aide, be sure to write down the date of the transaction, as well as the following:

  • Employee's wages, both cash (e.g. cash, check, money order, etc.) and noncash (e.g. food, clothing, lodging, etc.)
  • Federal income tax withheld
  • State employment tax withheld
  • Social security and Medicare tax withheld

Ins and outs of employment taxes

Here are a few key components of the household employment tax process to keep in mind:

  • Withholding: Household employers are not required to withhold federal income tax for an employee, but they can if the employee requests it. If an aide wishes you to withhold their income tax amount from their paycheck, simply have them fill out a Form W-4: Employee's Withholding Allowance Certificate, which you will then file with the IRS on their behalf. Just remember, if you withhold their federal income tax, you are responsible for paying the full amount on Tax Day. You must also inform the aide about the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), which can reduce the amount that a low-income earner owes in taxes.
  • Employer/employee tax obligations: If you pay an aide more than $1,900 in cash wages during the tax year, then the IRS will consider you on the hook for the entire Medicare and Social Security tax amount for their employment, which is 15.3 percent of what you paid them. In a typical employment situation, the two parties split this cost down the middle, with the employer paying 7.65 percent (6.2 percent for Social Security and 1.45 for Medicare) out of their own pocket and withholding the remaining 7.65 percent from their employee's wages.
  • Calculating Medicare tax: Once the $1,900 threshold is met, all additional wages are considered when calculating the dollar amount of an employee's Medicare taxes. The Medicare tax amount will be whatever the aide's total wage amount was for the year, multiplied by .0145.
  • Calculating social security tax: When it comes to calculating Social Security taxes for a household employee, only wages up to $117,000 are taxed. The Social Security tax amount will be all wages up to $117,000, multiplied by .062.
  • Calculating unemployment tax: In addition, if you pay an aide more than $1,000 during any quarter of the tax year, then you must also cover the six percent federal unemployment tax amount (FUTA), which helps compensate workers who lose their jobs. Once the $1,000 in a single quarter qualification is met, a six percent FUTA tax is applied to wages up to $7,000.
  • Special rules for state taxes: Certain states also require household employers to pay a state unemployment tax as well. Information on state unemployment taxes can be found by contacting your state's unemployment agency, using this list: Contacts for State UI Tax Information and Assistance.

Important dates for household employers

Paying taxes as a household employer requires you to fill out and file Schedule H along with your federal income tax return (Form 1040, 1040NR, 1040-SS or 1041), and pay the tax amount due by April 15, 2015.

The following timetable will help you keep track of the important tax dates for submitting forms for the 2014 tax year:

February 2, 2015

March 2, 2015

  • Send Copy A of Form W-2 to the Social Security Administration (SSA)

April 15, 2015

IRS Publication 926: Household Employer's Tax Guide offers more in-depth information about filing taxes as a household employer, and contains a tax withholding table to help you calculate how much you and your employee will owe in taxes.



~A.

Lasting Relationships Rely On 2 Traits

Lasting Relationships Rely On 2 Traits

Science says lasting relationships come down to—you guessed it—kindness and generosity.

Every day in June, the most popular wedding month of the year, about 13,000 American couples will say "I do," committing to a lifelong relationship that will be full of friendship, joy, and love that will carry them forward to their final days on this earth.

Except, of course, it doesn't work out that way for most people.

The majority of marriages fail, either ending in divorce and separation or devolving into bitterness and dysfunction.

Of all the people who get married, only three in ten remain in healthy, happy marriages, as psychologist Ty Tashiro points out in his book "The Science of Happily Ever After," which was published earlier this year.

Social scientists first started studying marriages by observing them in action in the 1970s in response to a crisis: Married couples were divorcing at unprecedented rates. Worried about the impact these divorces would have on the children of the broken marriages, psychologists decided to cast their scientific net on couples, bringing them into the lab to observe them and determine what the ingredients of a healthy, lasting relationship were.

Was each unhappy family unhappy in its own way, as Tolstoy claimed, or did the miserable marriages all share something toxic in common?

Psychologist John Gottman was one of those researchers. For the past four decades, he has studied thousands of couples in a quest to figure out what makes relationships work. I recently had the chance to interview Gottman and his wife Julie, also a psychologist, in New York City. Together, the renowned experts on marital stability run The Gottman Institute, which is devoted to helping couples build and maintain loving, healthy relationships based on scientific studies.

John Gottman began gathering his most critical findings in 1986, when he set up "The Love Lab" with his colleague Robert Levenson at the University of Washington. Gottman and Levenson brought newlyweds into the lab and watched them interact with each other.

With a team of researchers, they hooked the couples up to electrodes and asked the couples to speak about their relationship, like how they met, a major conflict they were facing together, and a positive memory they had. As they spoke, the electrodes measured the subjects' blood flow, heart rates, and how much they sweat they produced. Then the researchers sent the couples home and followed up with them six years later to see if they were still together.

From the data they gathered, Gottman separated the couples into two major groups: the masters and the disasters. The masters were still happily together after six years. The disasters had either broken up or were chronically unhappy in their marriages.

When the researchers analyzed the data they gathered on the couples, they saw clear differences between the masters and disasters. The disasters looked calm during the interviews, but their physiology, measured by the electrodes, told a different story. Their heart rates were quick, their sweat glands were active, and their blood flow was fast. Following thousands of couples longitudinally, Gottman found that the more physiologically active the couples were in the lab, the quicker their relationships deteriorated over time.

But what does physiology have to do with anything? The problem was that the disasters showed all the signs of arousal — of being in fight-or-flight mode — in their relationships. Having a conversation sitting next to their spouse was, to their bodies, like facing off with a saber-toothed tiger.

Even when they were talking about pleasant or mundane facets of their relationships, they were prepared to attack and be attacked. This sent their heart rates soaring and made them more aggressive toward each other. For example, each member of a couple could be talking about how their days had gone, and a highly aroused husband might say to his wife, "Why don't you start talking about your day. It won't take you very long."

The masters, by contrast, showed low physiological arousal. They felt calm and connected together, which translated into warm and affectionate behavior, even when they fought. It's not that the masters had, by default, a better physiological make-up than the disasters; it's that masters had created a climate of trust and intimacy that made both of them more emotionally and thus physically comfortable.

Gottman wanted to know more about how the masters created that culture of love and intimacy, and how the disasters squashed it. In a follow-up study in 1990, he designed a lab on the University of Washington campus to look like a beautiful bed and breakfast retreat.

He invited 130 newlywed couples to spend the day at this retreat and watched them as they did what couples normally do on vacation: cook, clean, listen to music, eat, chat, and hang out. And Gottman made a critical discovery in this study — one that gets at the heart of why some relationships thrive while others languish.

Throughout the day, partners would make requests for connection, what Gottman calls "bids." For example, say that the husband is a bird enthusiast and notices a goldfinch fly across the yard. He might say to his wife, "Look at that beautiful bird outside!" He's not just commenting on the bird here: he's requesting a response from his wife — a sign of interest or support — hoping they'll connect, however momentarily, over the bird.

The wife now has a choice. She can respond by either "turning toward" or "turning away" from her husband, as Gottman puts it. Though the bird-bid might seem minor and silly, it can actually reveal a lot about the health of the relationship. The husband thought the bird was important enough to bring it up in conversation and the question is whether his wife recognizes and respects that.

People who turned toward their partners in the study responded by engaging the bidder, showing interest and support in the bid. Those who didn't — those who turned away — would not respond or respond minimally and continue doing whatever they were doing, like watching TV or reading the paper. Sometimes they would respond with overt hostility, saying something like, "Stop interrupting me, I'm reading."

These bidding interactions had profound effects on marital well-being. Couples who had divorced after a six-year follow up had "turn-toward bids" 33 percent of the time. Only three in ten of their bids for emotional connection were met with intimacy. The couples who were still together after six years had "turn-toward bids" 87 percent of the time. Nine times out of ten, they were meeting their partner's emotional needs.

By observing these types of interactions, Gottman can predict with up to 94 percent certainty whether couples — straight or gay, rich or poor, childless or not — will be broken up, together and unhappy, or together and happy several years later. Much of it comes down to the spirit couples bring to the relationship. Do they bring kindness and generosity; or contempt, criticism, and hostility?

"There's a habit of mind that the masters have," Gottman explained in an interview, "which is this: they are scanning social environment for things they can appreciate and say thank you for. They are building this culture of respect and appreciation very purposefully. Disasters are scanning the social environment for partners' mistakes."

"It's not just scanning environment," chimed in Julie Gottman. "It's scanning the partner for what the partner is doing right or scanning him for what he's doing wrong and criticizing versus respecting him and expressing appreciation."

Contempt, they have found, is the number one factor that tears couples apart. People who are focused on criticizing their partners miss a whopping 50 percent of positive things their partners are doing and they see negativity when it's not there.

People who give their partner the cold shoulder — deliberately ignoring the partner or responding minimally — damage the relationship by making their partner feel worthless and invisible, as if they're not there, not valued. And people who treat their partners with contempt and criticize them not only kill the love in the relationship, but they also kill their partner's ability to fight off viruses and cancers. Being mean is the death knell of relationships.

Kindness, on the other hand, glues couples together. Research independent from theirs has shown that kindness (along with emotional stability) is the most important predictor of satisfaction and stability in a marriage. Kindness makes each partner feel cared for, understood, and validated—feel loved. "My bounty is as boundless as the sea," says Shakespeare's Juliet. "My love as deep; the more I give to thee, / The more I have, for both are infinite." That's how kindness works too: there's a great deal of evidence showing the more someone receives or witnesses kindness, the more they will be kind themselves, which leads to upward spirals of love and generosity in a relationship.

There are two ways to think about kindness. You can think about it as a fixed trait: either you have it or you don't. Or you could think of kindness as a muscle. In some people, that muscle is naturally stronger than in others, but it can grow stronger in everyone with exercise. Masters tend to think about kindness as a muscle. They know that they have to exercise it to keep it in shape. They know, in other words, that a good relationship requires sustained hard work.

"If your partner expresses a need," explained Julie Gottman, "and you are tired, stressed, or distracted, then the generous spirit comes in when a partner makes a bid, and you still turn toward your partner."

In that moment, the easy response may be to turn away from your partner and focus on your iPad or your book or the television, to mumble "Uh huh" and move on with your life, but neglecting small moments of emotional connection will slowly wear away at your relationship. Neglect creates distance between partners and breeds resentment in the one who is being ignored.

The hardest time to practice kindness is, of course, during a fight—but this is also the most important time to be kind. Letting contempt and aggression spiral out of control during a conflict can inflict irrevocable damage on a relationship.

"Kindness doesn't mean that we don't express our anger," Julie Gottman explained, "but the kindness informs how we choose to express the anger. You can throw spears at your partner. Or you can explain why you're hurt and angry, and that's the kinder path."

John Gottman elaborated on those spears: "Disasters will say things differently in a fight. Disasters will say 'You're late. What's wrong with you? You're just like your mom.' Masters will say 'I feel bad for picking on you about your lateness, and I know it's not your fault, but it's really annoying that you're late again.'"

For the hundreds of thousands of couples getting married each June — and for the millions of couples currently together, married or not — the lesson from the research is clear: If you want to have a stable, healthy relationship, exercise kindness early and often.

When people think about practicing kindness, they often think about small acts of generosity, like buying each other little gifts or giving one another back rubs every now and then. While those are great examples of generosity, kindness can also be built into the very backbone of a relationship through the way partners interact with each other on a day-to-day basis, whether or not there are back rubs and chocolates involved.

One way to practice kindness is by being generous about your partner's intentions. From the research of the Gottmans, we know that disasters see negativity in their relationship even when it is not there. An angry wife may assume, for example, that when her husband left the toilet seat up, he was deliberately trying to annoy her. But he may have just absent-mindedly forgotten to put the seat down.

Or say a wife is running late to dinner (again), and the husband assumes that she doesn't value him enough to show up to their date on time after he took the trouble to make a reservation and leave work early so that they could spend a romantic evening together. But it turns out that the wife was running late because she stopped by a store to pick him up a gift for their special night out.

Imagine her joining him for dinner, excited to deliver her gift, only to realize that he's in a sour mood because he misinterpreted what was motivating her behavior. The ability to interpret your partner's actions and intentions charitably can soften the sharp edge of conflict.

"Even in relationships where people are frustrated, it's almost always the case that there are positive things going on and people trying to do the right thing," psychologist Ty Tashiro told me. "A lot of times, a partner is trying to do the right thing even if it's executed poorly. So appreciate the intent."

Another powerful kindness strategy revolves around shared joy. One of the telltale signs of the disaster couples Gottman studied was their inability to connect over each other's good news. When one person in the relationship shared the good news of, say, a promotion at work with excitement, the other would respond with wooden disinterest by checking his watch or shutting the conversation down with a comment like, "That's nice."

We've all heard that partners should be there for each other when the going gets rough. But research shows that being there for each other when things go right is actually more important for relationship quality. How someone responds to a partner's good news can have dramatic consequences for the relationship.

In one study from 2006, psychological researcher Shelly Gable and her colleagues brought young adult couples into the lab to discuss recent positive events from their lives. They psychologists wanted to know how partners would respond to each other's good news. They found that, in general, couples responded to each other's good news in four different ways that they called: passive destructiveactive destructivepassive constructive, and active constructive.

Let's say that one partner had recently received the excellent news that she got into medical school. She would say something like "I got into my top choice med school!"

If her partner responded in a passive destructive manner, he would ignore the event. For example, he might say something like: "You wouldn't believe the great news I got yesterday! I won a free t-shirt!"

If her partner responded in a passive constructive way, he would acknowledge the good news, but in a half-hearted, understated way. A typical passive constructive response is saying "That's great, babe" as he texts his buddy on his phone.

In the third kind of response, active destructive, the partner would diminish the good news his partner just got: "Are you sure you can handle all the studying? And what about the cost? Med school is so expensive!"

Finally, there's active constructive responding. If her partner responded in this way, he stopped what he was doing and engaged wholeheartedly with her: "That's great! Congratulations! When did you find out? Did they call you? What classes will you take first semester?"

Among the four response styles, active constructive responding is the kindest. While the other response styles are joy-killers, active constructive responding allows the partner to savor her joy and gives the couple an opportunity to bond over the good news. In the parlance of the Gottmans, active constructive responding is a way of "turning toward" your partners bid (sharing the good news) rather than "turning away" from it.

Active constructive responding is critical for healthy relationships. In the 2006 study, Gable and her colleagues followed up with the couples two months later to see if they were still together. The psychologists found that the only difference between the couples who were together and those who broke up was active constructive responding. Those who showed genuine interest in their partner's joys were more likely to be together. In an earlier study, Gable found that active constructive responding was also associated with higher relationship quality and more intimacy between partners. 

There are many reasons why relationships fail, but if you look at what drives the deterioration of many relationships, it's often a breakdown of kindness. As the normal stresses of a life together pile up—with children, career, friend, in-laws, and other distractions crowding out the time for romance and intimacy—couples may put less effort into their relationship and let the petty grievances they hold against one another tear them apart.

In most marriages, levels of satisfaction drop dramatically within the first few years together. But among couples who not only endure, but live happily together for years and years, the spirit of kindness and generosity guides them forward.

This article originally appeared at The Atlantic. Check out The Atlantic's Facebook, newsletters and feeds. Copyright 2014. Follow The Atlantic on Twitter.

Longevity.....😝

~A.

Monday, February 16, 2015

Five Spices to Rock your Digestive World - Dr. Douillard's LifeSpa

Five Spices to Rock your Digestive World - Dr. Douillard's LifeSpa

Five Spices to Rock your Digestive World

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According to a recent survey as reported by Fox News, a whopping 74% of Americans are living with digestive discomfort. The common symptoms are gas, bloating, indigestion, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. (1) While these symptoms can be due to minor imbalances, they may be an indication of more serious health concerns.

Sadly, according to this survey, many folks are embarrassed to discuss digestive symptoms with their doctor, so they often go untreated for years. Early detection, and not sweeping such symptoms under the rug, is critical – not only to a complete recovery, but to long-term health. If you have chronic digestive concerns of any kind, please get checked by your doctor.

Once cleared of any major problems, I recommend resetting your digestive strength and efficiency. In Ayurveda there are five digestive spices that have been used for thousands of years with incredible success. They are fennel, coriander, cumin, cardamom, and ginger.

In this article I want to review some of the compelling research and delve into the traditional significance of these five digestive spices for gas, bloating and rebooting the natural strength of the digestive system. Perhaps the most profound aspect of these spices is how gentle, yet powerful they are. I find that even folks with the most sensitive digestive systems can do well on these five spices.

Chewing a handful of cumin, fennel, cardamom and coriander seeds after a meal is still a common practice in India. This is why you will often find a bowl of fennel seeds awaiting you at the door as you exit your favorite Indian restaurant.

These spices: ginger, cumin, coriander, fennel and cardamom make up our new digestive formula, Gentle Digest. There seems to be a library of research on these five spices for digestion, but for this article I will only touch on the highlights.

Numerous studies suggest that these five spices build digestive self-sufficiency in these ways:

  • Increase bile flow (2) (no need for bile salts)
  • Increase pancreatic enzyme activity (2) (no need for digestive enzymes)
  • Increase small intestine enzyme activity (2) (no need for digestive enzyme supplements)
  • Decrease gas and bloating (5) (no need for HCL supplements)
  • Increase fat and sugar metabolism (2)
  • Are powerful free radial scavengers (3)
  • Support optimal weight (4)
  • Support microbiology health (especially ginger) (5)
  • Improve gut health (5)
  • Support a healthy growth rate of good bacteria (especially ginger) (5)
  • Decrease H. pylori from adhering to stomach (4)
  • Are digestive stimulants (6)
  • Quicken the transit time in the intestines – supporting better elimination (3)

What was fascinating about these studies is that these five spices seemed to support the body's natural ability to digest, rather than just treat its problematic symptoms. For example, while the studies show that they improved fat and sugar metabolism, they seemed to do so by boosting more bile acid and pancreatic enzyme flow. (2,6) Digestive enzyme supplements provide the enzymes we need to digest protein and starches, while these spices amp up the body's production of digestive enzymes and bile. (2,6) This is an example of resetting digestion, rather than brewing dependency on digestive aids.

In one study, ginger was shown to support healthier cells of the intestinal wall as well as boost the proliferation of good microbes in the gut. (5) In another study, these spices blocked the bacterium H. plyori – which is linked to indigestion and stomach ulcers – from proliferating and adhering to the stomach lining. (4) The spices seem to work with the body's digestive intelligence by supporting better digestive function, a healthier environment for the digestive microbes, healthier villi and improved intestinal function. (2,3,5)

The Five Spices of Digestion Up Close

Coriander Seed (Coriandrum sativum) 

lifespa image coriander seedsCoriander is perhaps the most cooling of the five digestive spices. The seeds are commonly used in herbal medicine for a host of ailments. The leaves, known as cilantro, are slightly less cooling than the seeds. The seeds are best known for their digestive properties by cooling excess pitta in the body and intestinal tract. Therefore, it is used effectively for occasional heartburn. It is a natural carminative, which means it prevents or relieves gas from the intestinal tract, and is beneficial for numerous heat-related pitta conditions.

Rasa (taste): Bitter, pungent

Virya (action): Cooling

Vipaka (post-digestive effect): Pungent

Doshas (body types): Balances vata and kapha, especially pitta.

Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum)

lifespa image cardamomAs a member of the ginger family, Ayurvedic texts celebrated cardamom's ability to make foods easier to digest and enhance the taste of most ordinary foods. Its taste is most recognizable in a cup of Indian chai tea, as it neutralizes the stimulating effects of caffeine, allowing the chai to boost the digestive process without taxing the nervous system. Cardamom is known to reduce the extreme acidity of many foods and caffeinated beverages including coffee; it is the signature spice in traditional Turkish coffee. When cooked into your food, it reduces excess mucus, gas and bloating in the stomach and small intestine.

Rasa (taste): Pungent, sweet

Virya (action): Heating

Vipaka (post-digestive effect): Sweet

Doshas (body types): Balances vata, kapha and pitta.

Cumin Seed (Cuminum cyminum)

lifespa image cuminCumin is perhaps the most powerful digestive tonic of the five spices of digestion. It has a strong taste and while very effective alone, it blends well in both taste and effectiveness with the other four spices for boosting digestion and reducing gas and bloating. It is much like coriander, in that it cools the digestive system while boosting digestive strength. It supports healthy assimilation, the proliferation of good microbes, as well as the detoxification of the intestinal tract.

Rasa (taste): Pungent, bitter

Virya (action): Cooling

Vipaka (post-digestive effect): Pungent

Doshas (body type): Balances vata, kapha and pitta.

Fennel Seed (Foeniculum vulgare)

lifespa image fennelFennel is best known as the tri-doshic digestive spice. Not only does it combat gas and bloating in the digestive tract, it is one of Ayurveda's favorite lymph movers. As a lymph mover, it supports healthy lactation and radiant skin on both the inside and outside. Fennel seeds are considered the most sattvic (promoting purity and balance) of the spices, because of its very balancing effect on vata, kapha and pitta. It is one of the best herbs for digestion, as it strengthens the digestive fire without aggravating pitta, and is beneficial for intestinal cramping, nausea, and dispelling flatulence.

Rasa (taste): Sweet, pungent, bitter

Virya (action): Slightly heating

Vipaka (post-digestive effect): Sweet

Doshas (body type): Balances vata, kapha and pitta.

Ginger Root (Zingiber officinale) 

lifespa image gingerIn Ayurveda, ginger is called the universal spice because of its many health benefits. It is heating for the upper digestion with its pungent taste, but cooling and soothing for the lower digestion as a result of its sweet after taste. It is therefore considered to be a tri-doshic herb, meaning it balances vata, pitta and kapha – although in excess it can be too heating to the upper digestion. It is the classic kindling to start the digestive fire in the stomach. Scientific studies have shown that it supports healthy microbes, a healthy intestinal wall, and acts as a digestive stimulant for nutrient assimilation. (5)

Rasa (taste): Pungent, sweet

Virya (action): Heating

Vipaka (post-digestive effect): Sweet

Doshas (constitutions): Balancing for vata and kapha, may increase pitta.

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* Please Note: We cannot effectively or legally answer personal health questions here, for further assistance please consider a personalized Ayurvedic Consultation.

~A.